Inflammatory parameters in elderly women with and without sarcopenic obesity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33837/msj.v3i3.1306Palavras-chave:
inflammation, obesity, sarcopenia, aging, body compositionResumo
The combination of increased fat mass with a decrease in muscle mass and strength in the elderly has been termed sarcopenic obesity (SO). In addition, augmented levels of inflammatory markers have been reported in subjects with SO. Two hundred-sixteen obese elderly women were included in this cross-sectional study. They underwent body composition analysis by DEXA to define the presence of SO. Volunteers were divided into two groups: SO (n= 83; 66.7 ± 5.6 years) and non-SO (n= 133; 67.6 ± 4.9 years) for the comparison of inflammatory cytokines. There were no significant differences between SO and non-SO groups in the blood concentrations of the inflammatory markers analyzed, e.g. interleukin-6 (0.82 ± 0.20 vs 0.83 ± 0.19 pg/ml; p=0.64), C-reactive protein (2.70 ± 1.55 vs 2.82 ± 1.66 pg/ml; p=0.71), tumor necrosis factor alpha (0.71 ± 0.08 vs 0.70 ± 0.08 pg/ml; p=0.42) and interferon-gamma (0.75 ± 0.14 vs 0.74 ± 0.08 pg/ml; p=0.47), respectively. Thus, in the studied population, inflammatory markers are not exacerbated by SO when compared to obesity without sarcopenia.
Referências
Bano, G., Trevisan, C., Carraro, S., Solmi, M., Luchini, C., Stubbs, B., et al. (2017). Inflammation and sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas 96, 10–15. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.11.006.
Batsis, J. A., Mackenzie, T. A., Lopez-Jimenez, F., and Bartels, S. J. (2015). Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and functional impairments in older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2004. Nutr. Res, 35(12), 1031–1039. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2015.09.003.
Baumgartner, R. N. (2000). Body composition in healthy aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 904, 437–448. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06498.x.
Baumgartner, R. N., Koehler, K. M., Gallagher, D., Romero, L., Heymsfield, S. B., Ross, R. R., et al. (1998). Epidemiology of Sarcopenia among the Elderly in New Mexico. Am. J. Epidemiol. 147, 755–763. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009520.
Buford, T. W., Cooke, M. B., Manini, T. M., Leeuwenburgh, C., and Willoughby, D. S. (2010). Effects of age and sedentary lifestyle on skeletal muscle NF-kappaB signaling in men. J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 65(5), 532–537. doi:10.1093/gerona/glp196.
Chen, L., Xia, J., Xu, Z., Chen, Y., and Yang, Y. (2017). Evaluation of Sarcopenia in Elderly Women of China. Int. J. Gerontol. 11, 149–153.doi: 10.1016/j.ijge.2016.04.005.
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Baeyens, J. P., Bauer, J. M., Boirie, Y., Cederholm, T., Landi, F., et al. (2010). Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 39(4), 412–423. doi:10.1093/ageing/afq034.
Cullen, M. R., Baiocchi, M., Eggleston, K., Loftus, P., and Fuchs, V. (2016). The weaker sex? Vulnerable men and women’s resilience to socio-economic disadvantage. SSM - Popul. Heal. 2, 512–524. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.06.006.
Dutra, M. T., Avelar, B. P., Souza, V. C., Bottaro, M., Oliveira, R. J., Nóbrega, O. T., et al. (2017). Relationship between sarcopenic obesity-related phenotypes and inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging 37(2), 205–210. doi:10.1111/cpf.12287.
Eckel, R. H., Barouch, W. W., and Ershow, A. G. (2002). Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases working group on the pathophysiology of obesity-associated cardiovascular disease. Circulation 105(24), 2923–2928. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000017823.53114.4C.
Forte, WCN. (2007). Imunologia: do básico ao aplicado. 2ªed. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Fougère, B., Vellas, B., Van Kan, G. A., and Cesari, M. (2015). Identification of biological markers for better characterization of older subjects with physical frailty and sarcopenia. Transl. Neurosci. 6(1), 103–110. doi:10.1515/tnsci-2015-0009.
Hamrick MW, McGee-Lawrence ME, Frechette DM. (2016). Fatty Infiltration of Skeletal Muscle: Mechanisms and Comparisons with Bone Marrow Adiposity. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 7:69.doi: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00069.
Simões CCS. (2016). Relações entre as alterações históricas na dinâmica demográfica brasileira e os impactos decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento da população. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, Coordenação de População e Indicadores Sociais.
Jensen, G. L., and Hsiao, P. Y. (2010). Obesity in older adults: relationship to functional limitation. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab.Care 13(1), 46–51. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833309cf.
Kim TN, Park MS, Lim KI, et al. (2013). Relationships between sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance, inflammation, and vitamin D status: the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf), 78(4), 525–532. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04433.x.
Lee, D.-C., Shook, R. P., Drenowatz, C., and Blair, S. N. (2016). Physical activity and sarcopenic obesity: definition, assessment, prevalence and mechanism. Futur. Sci. OA, 2(3), FSO127. doi:10.4155/fsoa-2016-0028.
Levine, M. E., and Crimmins, E. M. (2012). The Impact of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation on the Association Between Sarcopenic Obesity and Physical Functioning. Obesity 20(10), 2101–2106. doi:10.1038/oby.2012.20.
Lipschitz, D. (1994). Screening for nutritional status in the elderly. Prim. Care 21(1), 55–67.
Lustosa, L. P., Batista, P. P., Pereira, D. S., Pereira, L. S. M., Scianni, A., and Ribeiro-Samora, G. A. (2017). Comparison between parameters of muscle performance and inflammatory biomarkers of non-sarcopenic and sarcopenic elderly women. Clin. Interv. Aging 12, 1183–1191. doi:10.2147/CIA.S139579.
Oliveira, R. J., Bottaro, M., Júnior, J. T., Farinatti, P. T. V., Bezerra, L. A., and Lima, R. M. (2011). Identification of sarcopenic obesity in postmenopausal women: A cutoff proposal. Brazilian J. Med. Biol. Res., 44(11), 1171–1176. doi:10.1590/S0100-879X2011007500135.
Papa, E. V, Dong, X., and Hassan, M. (2017). Skeletal Muscle Function Deficits in the Elderly: Current Perspectives on Resistance Training. J. Nat. Sci., 3, 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.025.
Prestes J, Shiguemoto G, Botero JP, Frollini A, Dias R, Leite R, et al. (2009). Effects of resistance training on resistin, leptin, cytokines, and muscle force in elderly post-menopausal women. J. Sports Sci., 27(14), 1607-15. doi: 10.1080/02640410903352923.
Prince, M. J., Wu, F., Guo, Y., Gutierrez Robledo, L. M., O’Donnell, M., Sullivan, R., et al. (2015). The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice. Lancet 385(9967), 549–562. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61347-7.
Sakuma, K., Aoi, W., and Yamaguchi, A. (2014). The intriguing regulators of muscle mass in sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy. Front. Aging Neurosci. 6, 230. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00230.
Sakuma, K., and Yamaguchi, A. (2013). Sarcopenic obesity and endocrinal adaptation with age. Int. J. Endocrinol. 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/204164.
Silva Neto, L. S., Karnikowiski, M. G. O., Tavares, A. B., and Lima, R. M. (2012). Associação entre sarcopenia, obesidade sarcopênica e força muscular com variáveis relacionadas de qualidade de vida em idosas. Brazilian J. Phys. Ther. 16(5), 360–367. doi:10.1590/S1413-35552012005000044.
Singh, T., and Newman, A. B. (2011). Inflammatory markers in population studies of aging. Ageing Res. Rev. 10(3), 319–329. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2010.11.002.
Stenholm S, Rantanen T, Heliövaara M, et al.(2008). The mediating role of C-reactive protein and handgrip strength between obesity and walking limitation. J. Am. Geriatr.Soc. 56(3), 462–469. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01567.x.
Villareal, D. T., Chode, S., Parimi, N., Sinacore, D. R., Hilton, T., Armamento-Villareal, R., et al. (2011). Weight loss, exercise, or both and physical function in obese older adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 364(13), 1218–29. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1008234.
Wilson, D., Jackson, T., Sapey, E., and Lord, J. M. (2017). Frailty and sarcopenia: The potential role of an aged immune system. Ageing Res. Rev., 36, 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.01.006.
Yang, C. W., Li, C. I., Li, T. C., Liu, C. S., Lin, C. H., Lin, W. Y., et al. (2015). Association of sarcopenic obesity with higher serum high-sensitivity c-reactive protein levels in Chinese older males - A community-based study (Taichung Community Health Study-Elderly, TCHS-E). PLoS One 10 (8): e0136069. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132908.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2020 The author(s)
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).